Behind the algorithms, circuits, and qubits that drive innovation in Quantum Computing are women whose passion, intellect, and persistence are shaping the future of this complex field across Africa. Today, we spotlight one such remarkable mind – Dr. Leila Zahhafi;
Hi Leila, it is a pleasure to have you join us today
I am happy to be here. Thank you for inviting me.
Please introduce yourself to the audience
My name is Leila Zahhafi from Morocco. Currently, I live in Kigali, Rwanda, where I work as a postdoctoral researcher in quantum computing at the AIMS Research and Innovation Centre (AIMS RIC).
I know many people get scared when they hear the word “quantum”. In simple terms, quantum computing is a new method of processing information that leverages the principles of quantum physics. Unlike regular computers, which use bits (which can be either 0 or 1), quantum computers use qubits, which can be both 0 and 1 simultaneously. This allows these computers to solve certain problems much faster than traditional computers. Think of it like being able to try many possibilities at once, instead of one by one. While still in its early stages, quantum computing has the potential to revolutionize fields like medicine, climate science, and cybersecurity.
My research is centered on quantum computing, and it spans two interconnected areas. On one hand, I work on generalized quantum double models using the algebraic framework of finite-dimensional Hopf algebras. Building on and extending Kitaev’s original construction, I study how these algebraic structures can be used to define tensor network states that exhibit nontrivial topological features. A key aspect of this work is the classification and construction of a hierarchy of such states, which are related through mechanisms like charge condensation and symmetry breaking. I am also interested in how these models support efficient tensor network representations and how they can inform the design of quantum systems with desirable computational or structural properties.
On the other hand, I’m investigating quantum algorithms, particularly the Quantum Approximate Optimization Algorithm (QAOA). QAOA is a promising approach for solving hard combinatorial optimization problems using shallow quantum circuits, which makes it relevant for near-term quantum hardware. My focus includes analyzing how the performance of QAOA scales with circuit depth, especially on structured problems like MaxCut on bounded-degree graphs, and developing classical preprocessing methods to efficiently optimize the quantum circuit parameters.
Overall, my goal is to advance both the theoretical understanding of quantum models grounded in algebraic structures and the development of quantum algorithms that are practical and scalable for real-world applications.
Wow! This is very fascinating! How did you join this field of quantum computing? Is it something you knew about while growing up?
No, I did not know about quantum computing while growing up.
I was born and raised in Morocco with a strong curiosity for logic and technology. My love for mathematics began in childhood. It always felt natural to me, and I was lucky to be encouraged early on by my mother, who supported my curiosity and helped build my confidence. That steady support played a big role in making mathematics a joyful and empowering part of my life.
I began my academic journey at the Faculty of Science at Université Hassan II de Casablanca, where I completed my undergraduate studies. I was then selected for a competitive engineering program at the Faculty of Sciences and Techniques in Mohammedia. During that program, I took a course in cryptography taught by Professor Omar Khadir, one of the most respected professors at our university. His enthusiasm, clarity, and positive energy made a strong impression on the whole class. Thanks to his engaging way of teaching, I developed a deep interest in the field and decided to pursue a PhD in public key cryptography under his supervision.
After defending my PhD, I met a friend named Edward at a conference. He spoke with great excitement about the African Institute for Mathematical Sciences (AIMS), and his enthusiasm stayed with me. Motivated by that conversation, I joined the AIMS network and began my journey as a tutor at AIMS Senegal. That experience was transformative; it introduced me to a community committed to excellence in mathematics and science across Africa, and deepened my passion for teaching and mentorship.
Tutoring at AIMS is a unique and deeply rewarding experience, very different from typical tutoring roles at universities. At AIMS, tutors carry significant responsibilities. We work closely with the students daily, often spending more time with them than faculty members do. Beyond assisting with coursework, we help bridge gaps in understanding, mentor students through their academic journey, and even supervise MSc theses. It’s also a valuable learning opportunity for the tutors themselves, as we often contribute to courses connected to our own research areas. I strongly encourage young researchers to experience a tutorship at one of the AIMS centers, it’s both intellectually enriching and personally transformative.
This experience taught me that there is a strong and often underrecognized capacity for excellence in Africa. I’ve had the privilege of working with brilliant students whose talent and potential are exceptional, but who are often overlooked simply because they haven’t had the opportunity to be seen. Mentoring these students has given me hope and strengthened my belief in the importance of investment in education and scientific infrastructure on our continent.
As a female scientist, it was especially meaningful to see how AIMS actively supports and encourages young women in STEM. I met many young women who were not only smart and capable, but also deeply motivated to succeed. Their presence and ambition are proof that with the right environment and encouragement, the gender gap in science can and should be closed. Mentoring them has been one of the most Inspiring aspects of my work.
My move from cryptography to quantum computing was a natural evolution driven by the urgent challenges and opportunities posed by emerging quantum technologies. During my PhD, I developed a strong foundation in algebraic structures and rigorous mathematical reasoning, which are essential in cryptography. When I started my postdoctoral research, I had the unique opportunity to explore quantum computing under the mentorship of Dr. Prince Osei, who is not only my supervisor but also the center president of AIMS Ghana and one of the leading researchers in the quantum field.
The link between cryptography and quantum is clear: quantum computers have the potential to break many classical cryptographic schemes, so understanding both sides, the quantum capabilities and classical cryptography, is vital.
Looking ahead, I’m particularly excited to focus on post-quantum cryptography, the field dedicated to creating cryptographic protocols that can withstand quantum attacks. As quantum computing matures, securing sensitive data will become critical worldwide. With my combined experience, I aim to help build these new security foundations, ensuring privacy and trust in the quantum era.
Let’s talk about some of the challenges you have faced on this journey into quantum computing
The path has not always been easy! Being a woman in STEM, and particularly in fields like cryptography and advanced computing, often meant navigating spaces where I was one of the few, if not the only, woman in the room. I constantly found myself having to prove my competence, justify my presence, and work twice as hard to be taken seriously. It was not just about mastering complex theories or keeping up with technological advances; it was about overcoming bias, earning respect, and holding my ground in environments that were not always welcoming.
The other challenge was moving between countries and balancing academic expectations with leadership roles. This came with a lot of pressure. But every challenge has strengthened my purpose and resilience.
What kept (or still keeps) you inspired amidst these challenging times?
A few things keep me grounded and inspired on this journey: my belief in justice, the transformative power of sharing knowledge, and my deep commitment to helping shape secure technologies for Africa’s future. But when the road gets tough, and it does, what truly keeps me going is the strong support of my mentors and the growth I see in the students I have worked with. Watching them thrive reminds me why I started and fuels my drive to keep pushing forward.
Tell us about the moments in your career journey when you have felt very proud of your achievements
I am proud to have contributed to the academic and research landscapes of Hassan II University of Casablanca and AIMS (both in Senegal and Rwanda). During my time as the Head Tutor at AIMS, I had the privilege of shaping the academic journeys of dozens of emerging scientists. This experience deepened my commitment to excellence in Africa’s STEM education.
Throughout my time at AIMS, I contributed to teaching a wide range of courses, including linear algebra, optimization, statistics, machine learning, databases, programming, and cryptography. I also supervised and examined numerous MSc projects, especially in areas related to artificial intelligence and cybersecurity.
What makes me especially proud is seeing how my students have soared far beyond expectations. Many of them have gone on to secure exciting roles in industry, while others have pursued PhDs at prestigious institutions such as Boise State University and the University of Cambridge. Watching them grow into confident, capable researchers and professionals has been one of the most meaningful aspects of my career. It reminds me that investing in young scientists is one of the most powerful ways to shape the future.
Today, as I transition into the world of quantum computing and post-quantum cryptography, I feel a renewed sense of purpose. It is more than a career move! It is a step into the future of secure communication, and I am honored to be part of the movement advancing quantum science across Africa.
Earlier this year, I had the exciting opportunity to participate in the NYU International Hackathon in Abu Dhabi, where I collaborated with an inspiring team on quantum-based solutions to real-world challenges. That experience not only sharpened my skills but also confirmed my belief in the transformative potential of quantum technologies.
Now, I am especially excited to help organize and take part in the first-ever quantum hackathon in Africa, organised by AIMS Ghana. This moment feels even more meaningful as it coincides with the International Year of Quantum (IYQ 2025), a global celebration of quantum science and its future impact. I see it as both a responsibility and an honor to contribute to raising awareness and building capacity in quantum computing across Africa. My goal is to inspire more young African scientists to see themselves in this space and to ensure that our continent has a voice in shaping the quantum future.
Who is Leila outside of the quantum computing walls?
Outside of research, I’m someone who finds energy and balance through exploration both of the world and of myself. Traveling is one of my greatest joys; discovering new places, cultures, and perspectives constantly renews my sense of curiosity and connection. I’m also passionate about hiking. Being surrounded by nature, especially in the mountains, gives me a deep sense of calm and clarity.
Physical activity is an important part of my life. I find a lot of joy in movement, whether it’s swimming for hours, going for a long hike, boxing, karting, or practicing yoga. These activities not only help me stay healthy, but they also offer a powerful way to reset and reflect. They remind me that growth isn’t only intellectual, it’s also emotional and physical.
I value fairness, kindness, and the power of community. I truly believe that open dialogue and shared experiences are essential to both personal growth and social progress.
What is your favorite quote?
“Justice is what love looks like in public” ~ Cornel West
What is your word of encouragement for a young African girl who is interested in joining quantum computing?
Believe that your voice, your ideas, and your questions matter. You belong in every room where knowledge is being created. Don’t wait for permission: build, ask, lead.
It is important to build a strong foundation for those interested in pursuing careers in emerging technologies like QC. Courses in linear algebra, probability, classical computing, and quantum mechanics will give you the essential tools to understand and contribute to this field. Learning programming languages like Python and getting familiar with quantum programming frameworks such as Qiskit or Cirq can also open doors to hands-on experimentation. Most importantly, stay curious and keep asking questions; this is how innovation begins.
Thank you, Leila, for sharing your quantum computing journey with the world. It reflects the brilliance, resilience, and vision of African women leading in science and technology. As the world celebrates IYQ 2025, this is the best time to learn more about QC and its transformative potential. Your story is a reminder that the future of quantum is not just global, it is also deeply African.
